JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL
UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M.Tech ELECTRICAL POWER ENGINEERING
COURSE
STRUCTURE AND SYLLABUS
I
YEAR I SEMESTER
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Code
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Group
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Subject
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L
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P
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Credits
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Power System Dynamics
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3
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0
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3
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HVDC Transmission
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3
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0
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3
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Modern Control Theory
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3
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0
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3
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Microprocessors & Microcontrollers
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3
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0
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3
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Elective -1
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High Voltage Engineering and Insulation Co-ordination
Voltage Stability
Operation Research
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3
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0
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3
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Elective -2
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Analysis of Power Electronic Converters
Energy Conversion systems
EHV AC Transmission
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3
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0
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3
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Lab
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Microprocessor & Micro Controller Lab
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0
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3
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2
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Seminar
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-
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-
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2
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Total Credits (6 Theory + 1 Lab.)
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22
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I - Semester
POWER SYSTEM DYNAMICS
Unit 1
Basic
concepts: Power system stability states of operation and system security system
dynamics problems system model analysis of steady State stability and transient
stability, simplified representation of Excitation control.
Unit 2
Modeling
of synchronous machine: synchronous machine park’s Transformation
Transformation of flux linkages, Transformation of stator voltage equations and
rotor equations.
Unit 3
Analysis of steady state performance, per unit
quantities - Equivalent circuits of synchronous machine - determination of parameters
of equivalent circuits.
Unit 4
Excitation
system: Excitation system modeling, excitation systems block Diagram system
representation by state equations.
Unit 5
Dynamics
of a synchronous generator connected to infinite bus: system model Synchronous
machine model, stator equations rotor equations, Synchronous machine model with
field circuit and with field circuit and one equivalent damper winding on q axis
(model 1.1), calculation of Initial conditions.
Unit 6
Analysis
of single machine system: small signal analysis with block diagram Representation
characteristic equation and application of routh hurwitz criterion
Unit 7
Synchronizing
and damping torque analysis, small signal model State equations.
Unit 8
Application
of power system stabilizers: basic concepts in applying PSS, Control signals,
structure and tuning of PSS, washout circuit, dynamic compensator analysis of
single machine infinite bus system with and without PSS.
Text book
1. Power system dynamics
K.R. PADIYAR, B.S. Publications
Hyderabad
Reference
1. Power system control and stability P.M. Anderson and
A.A. Fouad John wiley sons
H V D C TRANSMISSION
Unit 1
Comparison
of DC transmission and AC Transmission.
Application of DC transmission, Description of DC transmission systems,
planning for HVDC transmission, Modern trends in DC transmission.
Unit 2
Static Power Conversion Basic conversion principle, pulse
number, analysis of
GRAETZ circuit with and without overlap, equivalent
circuit, inverter equations, Power Factor and reactive power, 12 pulse converter
unit.
Unit 3
Basic
philosophy, constant current Vs constant voltage, desired features of control,
actual control characteristics, individual characteristics of rectifier and
inverter, combined characteristics of rectifier and inverter,
constant-minimum-ignition-angle control, constant current control,
constant-extinction-angle control, individual phase-control, equidistant firing
control, voltage dependent current order limit (VDCOL), basic philosophy of
system control, direction of DC power
flow, reversal of power flow, starting and stopping of DC link.
Unit 4
DC system model for load flow studies. Load
flow study of Ac Dc system sequential method, simultaneous method.
Unit 5
Reactive
power requirements in steady state, conventional control strategies, alternate
control strategies equipment for
reactive power.
Unit 6
short circuit ratio, Effective short circuit
ratio, dynamic over voltages, DC power
modulation, commutation failure,
disturbances on AC side, disturbances on DC side.
Unit 7
Characteristic
harmonics, derivation of relevant
equations for 12 pulse converter.
Unit
Unit 8
AC
filters, single tuned, doubled tuned
filters.
Brief introduction to DC circuit breakers, multi terminal DC transmission.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
- “Direct current
transmission” by E.W. Kimbark.
Wiley Interscience 1971.
- “HVDC Transmission “
by K.R. Padiyar.
- “High voltage Direct
current transmission” by J. Arrillaga IEE control engineering series 2000.
MODERN CONTROL THEORY
UNIT –I MATHEMATICAL PRELIMINARIES
Fields,
Vectors and Vector Spaces – Linear combinations and Bases – Linear
Transformations and Matrices – Scalar Product and Norms – Eigenvalues, Eigen
Vectors and a Canonical form representation of Linear operators – The concept
of state – State Equations for Dynamic systems – Time invariance and Linearity
– Nonuniqueness of state model – State diagrams for Continuous-Time State
models .
UNIT- II STATE
VARIABLE ANALYSIS
Linear
Continuous time models for Physical systems– Existence and Uniqueness of
Solutions to Continuous-Time State Equations – Solutions of Linear Time
Invariant Continuous-Time State Equations – State transition matrix and it’s
properties.
UNIT-III CONTROLLABILITY
AND OBSERVABILITY
General
concept of controllability – General concept of Observability – Controllability
tests for Continuous-Time Invariant Systems – Observability tests for
Continuous-Time Invariant Systems – Controllability and Observability of State
Model in Jordan Canonical form – Controllability and Observability Canonical
forms of State model.
UNIT- IV NON LINEAR SYSTEMS -I
Introduction – Non Linear
Systems - Types of Non-Linearities –
Saturation – Dead-Zone - Backlash – Jump
Phenomenon etc;– Singular Points – Introduction to Linearization of nonlinear
systems, Properties of Non-Linear systems – Describing function–describing
function analysis of nonlinear systems – Stability analysis of Non-Linear
systems through describing functions
UNIT-V NON LINEAR SYSTEMS -II
Introduction
to phase-plane analysis, Method of Isoclines for Constructing Trajectories,
singular points, phase-plane analysis of nonlinear control systems.
UNIT-VI STABILITY
ANALYSIS
Stability in the sense of Lyapunov, Lyapunov’s
stability and Lypanov’s instability theorems - Stability Analysis of the Linear
continuous time invariant systems by Lyapunov second method – Generation of
Lyapunov functions – Variable gradient method – Krasooviski’s method.
UNIT- VII STATE
FEEDBACK CONTROLLERS AND OBSERVERS
State feedback controller
design through Pole Assignment – State observers: Full order and Reduced order
UNIT – VIII
Introduction
to optimal control - Formulation of
optimal control problems – calculus of variations – fundamental
concepts, functionals, variation of functionals – fundamental theorem of
theorem of Calculus of variations – boundary conditions – constrained
minimization – formulation using Hamiltonian method – Linear Quadratic
regulator
TEXT BOOKS: 1. Modern Control System Theory by
M.Gopal – New Age International -1984
- Modern Control Engineering by Ogata.K – Prentice
Hall - 1997
REFERENCES:
- Optimal control by Kircks
MICROPROCESSORS &
MICROCONTROLLERS
Unit
1: 8086/8088 processors : Introduction to
8086 Microprocessors,
,Architecture, Addressing modes, Instruction set, Register Organization, Assembler directives.
Unit 2: Hard ware description: Pindiagram signal description min
& max modes, bus timing, ready & wait
states, 8086 based micro computing system.
Unit 3: Special
features & Related Programming : Stack structure of 8086,
Memory segmentation, Interrupts, ISR, NMI, MI and interrupt Programming,
Macros.
Unit 4: Advanced
Microprocessors: Intel 80386
programming model ,memory paging, Introduction to 80486, Introduction to Pentium Microprocessors and special Pentium
pro features.
Unit
5 :-Basic peripherals & Their Interfacing:-Memory Interfacing (DRAM) PPI- Modes of operation
of 8255 ,Interfacing to ADC &
DAC.
Unit 6:- Special
Purpose of Programmable
Peripheral Devices and Their interfacing :-Programmable interval timer , 8253 , PIC 8259A,display controller Programmable
communication Interface 8251,USART and Exercises.
Unit 7 :-Microcontrollers : Introduction to Intel 8
bit &16 bit
Microcontrollers, 8051- Architecture, Memory organization, Addressing
Modes and exercises
Unit
8:- Hardware description of 8051:
Instruction formats ,Instruction sets, interrupt
Structure & interrupt priorities, Port structures &Operation linear
counter Functions ,different Modes of
Operation and Programming examples.
TEXT BOOKS :-
1.”The Intel Microprocessors” Architecture
Programming &Interfacing by
Barry b Brey.
2.Advanceed
Microprocessors by kenrith J
Ayala , Thomson publishers.
3.Microcontrollers
by kentrith J ayala,Thomson publishers.
Reference
Books:-
1. Microprocessors &
Interfacing Programming & Hard ware by
DOUGLAS V.Hall
2. Microprocessors &
Microcontrollers by Prof.
C.R.Sarma
HIGH VOLTAGE
ENGINEERING & INSULATION
CO-ORDINATION
(Elective - I)
Unit
1: Conduction and Breakdown in Gases:
Ionization
process, Twonsend’s current growth equation, current growth in the secondary
processes, Twonsend’s criterion for breakdown, streamer theory of breakdown in
gases, Paschen law, breakdown in non uniform fields and corona discharge.
Unit
2: Conduction, Breakdown in liquids and solids:
Pure
liquids and commercial liquids, conduction and breakdown in pure liquids,
breakdown in solids dielectrics, Intrinsic breakdown, Electromechanical
breakdown and thermal breakdown.
Unit
3: Generation of High Voltage and
Currents:
Generation
of high D.C. generation of high alternating voltages, generation of impulse
voltages, generation of impulse currents, tripping and control of impulse
generators
Unit
4: Measurement of high voltage and currents:
Measurement
of high d.c.voltages, Measurement of high a.c. and impulse voltages,
Measurement
of high d.c.,
a.c. and impulse currents. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope for impulse voltage and
current measurements.
Unit 5: Testing
of Materials and Apparatus
Measurement
of D.C. resistivity, measurement of dielectric constant and loss factor,
partial discharge measurements, testing of insulators, bushing, circuits
breakers, transformers and surge divertors.
Unit
6: Over Voltage Phenomenon Insulation
Coordination:
Causes
of over voltage, lighting phenomenon, switching over voltages and power
frequency over voltages in power systems,
Unit
7: Insulation Coordination:
Principle
of insulation coordination on high voltage and extra high voltage power
systems.
Unit
8: Gas insulated substations:
Advantages of Gas Insulated Substations, Comparison
of Gas Insulated substations and Air Insulated Substations, Design and Layout
of Gas Insulated Substations, Description of Various components in GIS.
TEXT BOOKS:
- High Voltage
Engineering by M.S.Naidu and V.Kamaraju – TMH.
- High Voltage
Engineering fundamentals by Kuffel and Zungel, Elsavier Publications
- Switchgear By BHEL, TMH
REFERENCES:
1. Fundamentals of Gaseous Ionization and plasma
Electronics by Essam Nasser – Wiley - Inter Science.
2. High Voltage Technology by ALSTOM
3. Gaseous Dielectrics by Arora, TMH
VOLTAGE STABILITY
(Elective - I)
Unit – 1: Introduction to Voltage Stability
Definitions:
Voltage Stability, Voltage Collapse, Voltage Security; Physical relation
indicating dependency of voltage on reactive power flow; Factors affecting
Voltage collapse and instability; Previous cases of voltage collapse
incidences.
Unit – 2:
Graphical Analysis of Voltage Stability
Comparison of Voltage and angular stability of
the system; Graphical Methods describing voltage collapse phenomenon: P-V and
Q-V curves; detailed description of voltage collapse phenomenon with the help
of Q-V curves.
Unit – 3:
Analysis of Voltage Stability
Analysis
of voltage stability on SMLB system: Analytical treatment and analysis.
Unit – 4: Voltage Stability Indices
Voltage
collapse proximity indicator; Determinant of Jacobin as proximity indicators;
Voltage stability margin.
Unit – 5: Power System Loads
Loads
that influences voltage stability: Discharge lights, Induction Motor,
Air-conditioning, heat pumps, electronic power supplies, OH lines and cables.
Unit – 6: Reactive Power Compensation
Generation
and Absorption of reactive power; Series and Shunt compensation; Synchronous
condensers, SVC s; OLTC s; Booster Transformers.
Unit – 7: Voltage Stability Margin
Stabilty
Margin: Compensated and un-comensated systems.
Unit – 8: Voltage Security
Definition;
Voltage security; Methods to improve voltage stability and its practical
aspects.
Text Books:
1)
“Performance, operation and control of
EHV power transmission system”- A.CHAKRABARTHY, D.P. KOTARI and
A.K.MUKOPADYAY, A.H.Wheeler Publishing, I Edition, 1995.
2) “Power System Dynamics: Stability and
Control” – K.R.PADIYAR, II Edition, B.S.Publications.
Reference:
“Power System Voltage Stability”- C.W.TAYLOR, Mc Graw Hill, 1994.
OPERATIONS
RESEARCH
(Elective - I)
Unit 1:
Linear
Programming Problem: Formulation – Graphical method - Simplex method –
Artificial variable techniques – Big-M tune –phase methods
Unit 2:
Duality theorem – Dual simplex method – Sensitivity
analysis - effect of changes in cost coefficients, Constraint constants,
Addition/Deletion of variables & constraints
Unit 3:
Transportation problem – formulation – Initial basic
feasible solution methods – Northwest, Least cost & Vogels methods, MODI
optimization - Unbalanced &
degeneracy treatment
Unit 4:
Assignment
problem – Formulation – Hungarian method – Variants of assignment problems,
Sequencing problems – Flow shop sequencing – n jobs´2 machines sequencing
- n jobs´3 machines sequencing – Job-shop sequencing – 2 jobs´m machines
sequencing – Graphical methods
Unit 5:
Game Theory - Introduction - Terminology – Saddle
point games - with out Saddle point
games - 2´2 games, analytical method - 2´n and m´2 games –
graphical method – dominance principle
Unit 6:
Dynamic programming – Bellman’s principle of
optimality – short route – capital investment – inventory allocation
Unit 7:
Non linear optimization – Single variable optimization
problem – Unimodal function - Elimination methods – Fibinocci & Golden
reaction methods - Interpolation methods
- Quadratic & cubic interpotation
method.
Multi variable optimization problem – Direct
research methods – Univariant method – Pattern search methods – Powell’s ,
Hook-Jeaves & Rosen-brock’s search method.
Unit 8:
Geometric programming – Polynomial – Arithmetic –
Seametric inequality – Unconstrained G.P – Constraint G.P with £ type
constraint.
Simulation: Definition – Types- steps-
Simulation of simple electrical systems – Advantages and Disadvantages
TEXT BOOKS:
- Optimization theory & Applications – S.S.Rao, New Age Internationals
- Operations Research -
S.D.Sharma, Galgotia publishers
- Operations Research – Kausur & Kumar, Spinger Publishers
REFERENCES:
- Optimization techniques: Theory & Practice – M.C.Joshi &
K.M. More Ugalya, Narosa Publications
- Optimization : Theory & Practice – Beweridze, Mc Graw Hill
- Simulation Modelling &
Analysis – Law & Kelton –TMH
- Optimization Concepts and Applications in Engineering- A.D. Belegundu , J.R.
Chandrupata, Pearson Education, Asia
ANALYSIS OF
POWER ELECTRONIC CONVERTERS
(
Elective II)
Unit I Single
Phase AC Voltage Controllers.
Single phase AC voltage controllers with Resistive,
Resistive-inductive and
Resistive-inductive-induced e.m.f. loads – ac voltage
controllers with PWM
Control – Effects of source and load inductances -
Synchronous tap changers-
Applications - numerical problems.
Unit II Three
Phase AC Voltage Controllers.
Three phase AC
voltage controllers – Analysis of controllers with star and delta
Connected
Resistive, Resistive-inductive loads – Effects of source and load
Inductances –
applications – numerical problems.
Unit III
Cycloconverters.
Single phase to
single phase cycloconverters – analysis of midpoint and bridge
Configurations –
Three phase to three phase cycloconverters – analysis of
Midpoint and
bridge configurations – Limitations – Advantages – Applications
-
numerical problems.
Unit IV Single
Phase Converters.
Single phase
converters – Half controlled and Fully controlled converters –
Evaluation of
input power factor and harmonic factor – continuous and
Discontinuous
load current – single phase dual converters – power factor
Improvements –
Extinction angle control – symmetrical angle control –
PWM – single
phase sinusoidal PWM – single phase series converters –
Applications -
Numerical problems.
Unit V Three
Phase Converters.
Three phase
converters – Half controlled and fully controlled converters –
Evaluation of
input power factor and harmonic factor – continuous and
Discontinuous
load current – three phase dual converters – power factor
Improvements – three phase PWM - twelve
pulse converters – applications –
Numerical problems.
Unit VI
D.C.
to D.C. Converters.
Analysis of
step-down and step-up dc to dc converters with resistive and
Resistive-inductive
loads – Switched mode regulators – Analysis of Buck
Regulators
- Boost regulators – buck and boost
regulators – Cuk regulators –
Condition for
continuous inductor current and capacitor voltage – comparison
Of regulators
–Multiouput boost converters – advantages – applications –
Numerical
problems.
Unit VII Pulse
Width Modulated Inverters(single phase).
Principle
of operation – performance parameters – single phase bridge inverter - evaluation of output voltage and current
with resistive, inductive and
Capacitive loads
– Voltage control of single phase inverters – single PWM –
Multiple PWM –
sinusoidal PWM – modified PWM – phase displacement
Control –
Advanced modulation techniques for improved performance –
Trapezoidal,
staircase, stepped, harmonic injection and delta modulation –
Advantage –
application – numerical problems.
Unit VIII Pulse
Width Modulated Inverters(three phase).
Three phase
inverters – analysis of 180 degree condition for output voltage
And current
with resistive, inductive loads – analysis of 120 degree
Conduction –
voltage control of three phase inverters – sinusoidal PWM –
Third
Harmonic PWM – 60 degree PWM – space vector modulation –
Comparison of
PWM techniques – harmonic reductions – Current Source
Inverter –
variable d.c.
link inverter – boost inverter – buck and boost inverter
-
inverter circuit design – advantages – applications – numerical problems.
Text books:
1.
Power Electronics
– Mohammed H. Rashid – Pearson Education –
Third
Edition – First Indian reprint 2004.
2. Power
Electronics – Ned Mohan, Tore M. Undeland and William P. Robbins – John Wiley
& Sons – Second Edition.
ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS
(Elective - II)
Unit 1:
Photo voltaic power generation ,spectral distribution
of energy in solar radiation, solar cell
configurations, voltage developed by solar cell, photo current and load
current, practical solar cell performance, commercial photo voltaic
systems, test specifications for pv
systems, applications of super conducting materials in electrical equipment
systems.
Unit 2:
Principles of MHD power generation, ideal MHD
generator performance, practical MHD generator, MHD technology.
Unit 3:
Wind Energy conversion: Power from wind, properties of
air and wind, types of wind
Turbines,
operating characteristics.
Unit 4:
Tides and tidal power stations, modes of operation ,
tidal project examples, turbines and
generators for tidal power generation. Wave energy
conversion: properties of waves and
power content,
vertex motion of Waves, device
applications. Types of ocean thermal
energy
conversion systems Application of OTEC systems examples,
Unit 5:
Miscellaneous energy conversion systems: coal
gasification and liquefaction, biomass
conversion,
geothermal energy, thermo electric energy conversion, principles of EMF
generation,
description of fuel cells
Unit 6:
Co-generation and energy storage, combined cycle
co-generation, energy storage. Global
energy position
and environmental effects: energy units, global energy position..
Unit 7:
Types of fuel cells, H2-O2 Fuel
cells, Application of fuel cells – Batteries, Description of
batteries, Battery application for large power.
Unit 8:
Environmental effects of energy conversion systems,
pollution from coal and preventive
measures steam
stations and pollution, pollution free energy systems.
TEXT BOOKS
1. “Energy conversion systems” by Rakosh das Begamudre, New
age international publishers, New Delhi - 2000.
2. “Renewable Energy Resources” by John Twidell and Tony
Weir, 2nd edition, Fspon & Co
EHV A.C.
TRANSMISSION
(Elective
- II)
Unit 1:
E.H.V.A.C.
Transmission line trends and preliminary aspect standard transmission voltages – Estimation at line and ground
parameters
Unit 2:
Bundle
conductor systems inductance and capacitance of E.H.V. lines – positive,
negative and zero sequence impedance – Line Parameters for Modes of
Propagation.
Unit 3:
Electrostatic
field and voltage gradients – calculations of electrostatic field of AC lines –
effect high electrostatic field on biological organisms and human beings
surface voltage gradients and maximum gradients of actual transmission lines –
voltage gradients on sub conductor
Unit 4:
Electrostatic induction in unenergised lines –
measurements of field and voltage gradients for three phase single and double
circuit lines – unenegised lines.
Unit 5:
Power
Frequency Voltage control and over voltages in EHV lines : No load voltage –
charging currents at power frequency -
voltage control – shunt and series compensation – static VAR compensation.
Unit 6:
Corona
in E.H.V. lines – Corona loss formulae attention
of traveling waves due to Corona – Audio noise
due to Corona,
its generation, characteristic and limits
Unit 7:
Measurements
of audio noise radio interference due to Corona RF properties of radio noise – frequency spectrum of RI
fields – Measurements of RI and RIV.
Unit 8:
Design
of EHV lines based on steady state and transient limits. EHV cables and their
characteristics.
Reference
Books :
1.
Extra High
Voltage AC Transmission Engineering – Rokosh Das Begamudre, Wiley EASTERN LTD.,
NEW DELHI –
1987.
2.
EHV Transmission
line reference Books – Edison Electric Institution ( GEC 1968 ).
MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS LAB
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
I Microprocessor 8086
1) Introduction to MASM / TASM
2) Arithmetic
operations : Multi byte addition, subtraction, Multiplication and Division,
Signed and Unsigned Arithmetic
operation, ASCII – arithmetic.
3) Logic
operations : Shift and rotate – converting packed BCD to unpacked BCD, BCD to
ASCII conversion.
4) By
using string operation and instruction prefix – Move block, reverse string,
sorting, inserting, deleting, length of string, string comparison.
5) Modular programming – Procedure, near
and far implementation, recursion.
1)
DOS/BIOS
programming – Reading
key board (buffered with and without echo) – display characters, string.
II Interfacing to 8086
1) 8259 – interrupt controller
2) 8279 – keyboard / display
3) 8255 – PPI
4) 8251 – USART
5) Stepper Motor
6) Traffic light control
7) GPIB (IEEE 488) Interface
8) Numeric printer interface
9) RTC interface
10) A/D and D/A
1)
DMA interface
2)
FDC-EPROM Programmer
Interface
III Microcontroller 8051
1) Reading
and writing on a parallel port
2) Timer in different modes
3) Serial communication implementation
4) Understanding three memory areas of
00-FF (Programs using above areas)
5) ing external interrupts
1)
Programs using
special instructions like SWAP, Bit/Byte, Set/ Reset etc.
2)
Program based on
sort, Page, absolute addressing.
