Monday 13 February 2012

M. TECH.Syllabus for POWER ELECTRONICS


COURSE STRUCTURE AND SYALLABUS
M. TECH. (POWER ELECTRONICS)
I SEMESTER
Code
Group
Subject
L
P
Credits


Machine Modeling & Analysis
3
0
3


Analysis of Power Electronic Converters
3
0
3


Modern Control Theory
3
0
3


Power electronic Control of DC Drives
3
0
3

Elective –I
1.   HVDC Transmission
3
0
3


Operations Research





Modern Power electronics




Elective -II
Programmable logic controllers and their applications 
3
0
3


Energy Conservation Systems





Dynamics of Electrical Machines




Lab
Power Converters Lab
0
3
2


Seminar
-
-
2


          Total Credits  (6 Theory + 1 Lab.)


22

I- Semester

MACHINE MODELLING AND ANALYSIS

Unit 1: Basic Two-pole DC machine - primitive 2-axis machine - Voltage and Current relationship - Torque equation

Unit 2: Mathematical model of separately excited DC motor and DC Series motor in state variable form - Transfer function of the motor - Numerical problems.

Unit 3: Mathematical model of D.C. shunt motor and D.C. Compound motor in state variable form - Transfer function of the motor - Numerical Problems.

Unit 4: Linear transformation-Phase transformation (a,b,c to a,p,o)-Active transformation(a,p,o to d,q).

Unit 5: Circuit model of a 3 pahse Induction motor - Linear transformation - Phase Transformation - Transformation to a Reference frame - Two axis models for Induction motor.

Unit 6: Voltage and current Equations in stator reference frame - Equation in Rotor reference frame - Equations in a synchronously rotating frame - Torque equation-Equations in state-space form.

Unit 7: Circuit model of a 3ph Synchronous motor - Two axis representation of Syn. Motor.

Unit 8: Voltage and current Equations in state - space variable form - Torque equation.

BOOKS :
1. Thyristor control of Electric Drives     - Vedam Subramanyam.
2. Analysis of electric machinery and Drive systems      - Paul C.Krause , Oleg
     wasynezuk, Scott D.Sudhoff

ANALYSIS OF POWER ELECTRONIC CONVERTERS

Unit I  Single Phase AC Voltage Controllers.
Single phase AC voltage controllers with Resistive, Resistive-inductive and Resistive-inductive-induced e.m.f. loads - ac voltage controllers with PW Control - Effects of source and load inductances - Synchronous tap changers-Applications - numerical problems.
Unit II            Three Phase AC Voltage Controllers.
Three phase AC voltage controllers - Analysis of controllers with star and delta Connected Resistive, Resistive-inductive loads - Effects of source and load Inductances - applications - numerical problems.
Unit III           Cycloconverters.
Single phase to single phase cycloconverters - analysis of midpoint and bridge Configurations - Three phase to three phase cycloconverters - analysis of Midpoint and bridge configurations - Limitations - Advantages - Applications- numerical problems.
Unit IV           Single Phase Converters.
Single phase converters - Half controlled and Fully controlled converters -Evaluation of input power factor and harmonic factor - continuous and Discontinuous load current - single phase dual converters - power factor Improvements - Extinction angle control - symmetrical angle control - PWM -single phase sinusoidal PWM - single phase series converters - Applications -Numerical problems.
Unit V            Three Phase Converters.
Three phase converters - Half controlled and fully controlled converters -Evaluation of input power factor and harmonic factor - continuous and Discontinuous load current - three phase dual converters - power factor Improvements - three phase PWM - twelve pulse converters - applications -Numerical problems.
Unit VI           D.C. to D.C. Converters
Analysis of step-down and step-up dc to dc converters with resistive and Resistive-inductive loads - Switched mode regulators - Analysis of Buck Regulators - Boost regulators - buck and boost regulators - Cuk regulators - Condition for continuous inductor current and capacitor voltage - comparison of regulators -Multiouput boost converters - advantages - applications - Numerical problems.
Unit VII         Pulse Width Modulated Inverters(single phase).
Principle of operation - performance parameters - single phase bridge inverter -evaluation of output voltage and current with resistive, inductive and Capacitive loads - Voltage control of single phase inverters - single PWM - Multiple PWM - sinusoidal PWM - modified PWM - phase displacement Control - Advanced modulation techniques for improved performance - Trapezoidal, staircase, stepped, harmonic injection and delta modulation - Advantage - application - numerical problems.

Unit VIII        Pulse Width Modulated Inverters(three phase).
Three phase inverters - analysis of 180 degree condition for output voltage And current with resistive, inductive loads - analysis of 120 degree Conduction - voltage control of three phase inverters - sinusoidal PWM - Third Harmonic PWM – 60 degree PWM - space vector modulation -       Comparison of PWM techniques
- harmonic reductions - Current Source Inverter - variable d.c. link inverter - boost inverter  -   buck   and  boost  inverter   -   inverter  circuit  design  -   advantages  -applications - numerical problems.

Text books:
1.   Power Electronics - Mohammed H.  Rashid - Pearson Education -Third Edition - First Indian reprint 2004.
2.   Power Electronics - Ned Mohan, Tore M. Undeland and William P. Robbins -John Wiley and      Sons - Second Edition

MODERN CONTROL THEORY
UNIT –I            MATHEMATICAL PRELIMINARIES
Fields, Vectors and Vector Spaces – Linear combinations and Bases – Linear Transformations and Matrices – Scalar Product and Norms – Eigenvalues, Eigen Vectors and a Canonical form representation of Linear operators – The concept of state – State Equations for Dynamic systems – Time invariance and Linearity – Nonuniqueness of state model – State diagrams for Continuous-Time State models .

UNIT- II         STATE VARIABLE ANALYSIS
Linear Continuous time models for Physical systems– Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions to Continuous-Time State Equations – Solutions of Linear Time Invariant Continuous-Time State Equations – State transition matrix and it’s properties.

UNIT-III        CONTROLLABILITY AND OBSERVABILITY
General concept of controllability – General concept of Observability – Controllability tests for Continuous-Time Invariant Systems – Observability tests for Continuous-Time Invariant Systems – Controllability and Observability of State Model in Jordan Canonical form – Controllability and Observability Canonical forms of State model.

UNIT- IV       NON LINEAR SYSTEMS -I

Introduction – Non Linear Systems -  Types of Non-Linearities – Saturation – Dead-Zone  - Backlash – Jump Phenomenon etc;– Singular Points – Introduction to Linearization of nonlinear systems, Properties of Non-Linear systems – Describing function–describing function analysis of nonlinear systems – Stability analysis of Non-Linear systems through describing functions

UNIT-V          NON LINEAR SYSTEMS -II

Introduction to phase-plane analysis, Method of Isoclines for Constructing Trajectories, singular points, phase-plane analysis of nonlinear control systems.

UNIT-VI        STABILITY ANALYSIS
 Stability in the sense of Lyapunov, Lyapunov’s stability and Lypanov’s instability theorems - Stability Analysis of the Linear continuous time invariant systems by Lyapunov second method – Generation of Lyapunov functions – Variable gradient method – Krasooviski’s method.

UNIT- VII      STATE FEEDBACK CONTROLLERS AND OBSERVERS
State feedback controller design through Pole Assignment – State observers: Full order and Reduced order

UNIT – VIII 
Introduction to optimal control - Formulation of  optimal control problems – calculus of variations – fundamental concepts, functionals, variation of functionals – fundamental theorem of theorem of Calculus of variations – boundary conditions – constrained minimization – formulation using Hamiltonian method – Linear Quadratic regulator

TEXT BOOKS:  1. Modern Control System Theory by M.Gopal –  New Age International -1984
  1. Modern Control Engineering by Ogata.K – Prentice Hall - 1997 

REFERENCES:
Optimal control by Kircks
POWER ELECTRONIC CONTROL OF DC DRIVES

Unit-I : controlled Bridge Rectifier (1-Ф) with DC Motor Load:
Separately exited DC motors with rectified single-phase supply – single phase semi converter and single phase full converter for continuous and discontinuous modes of operation – power and power factor.

Unit-II : controlled Bridge Rectifier (3-Ф) with DC Motor Load:
Three-phase semi converter and three phase full converter for continuous and discontinuous modes of operation – power and power factor – Addition of free wheeling diode- Three-phase double converter.

Unit-III : Three phase naturally commutated bridge circuit as a rectifier or as an inverter:
Three phase controlled bridge rectifier with passive load impedance, resistive load and ideal supply – Highly inductive load and ideal supply for load side and supply side quantities, shunt capacitor compensation, three phase controlled bridge rectifier inverter.

Unit-IV: Phase controlled DC Motor drives:
Three phase controlled converter, control circuit, control modeling of three phase converter – Steady state analysis of three phase converter control DC motor drive – Two quadrant, three phase converter controlled DC motor dive – DC motor and load converter.

Unit-V: Current and Speed Controlled DC Motor drives:
Current and speed controllers – current and speed feedback – Design of controllers – current and speed controllers – Motor equations – filter in the speed feed back loop speed controller – current reference generator – current controller and flow chart for simulation – Harmonics and associated problems – sixth harmonics torque.

Unit-VI: Chopper controlled DC Motor drives
Principles of operation of the chopper – four-quadrant chopper circuit – chopper for inversion – Chopper with other power devices – model of the chopper –input to the chopper steady state analysis of chopper controlled DC motor drives – rating of the devices – Pulsating torque.

Unit-VII: Closed loop operation of DC Motor drives
Speed controlled drive system – current control loop – pulse width modulated current controller – hysterisis current controller – modeling of current controller – design of current controller.

Unit-III: Simulation of DC motor drives
Dynamic simulations of the speed controlled DC motor drives – Speed feedback speed controller – command current generator – current controller.


References:
1.      Power Electronic and motor control – Shepherd, Hulley, Liang – II Edition, Cambridge University Press.
2.      Electric Motor drives modeling, Analysis and control – R. Krishnan – I Edition, Prentice Hall India.
3.      Power Electronic circuits, Drives and Applications – M. H. Rashid – PHI – I Edition – 1995
4.      Fundamentals of Electric Drives – G.K. Dubey – Narosa Publications – 1995
5.      Power Semiconductor drives – S.B. Dewan and A. Straughen

HIGH VOLTAGE DC TRANSMISSION
(Elective-I)

Unit I
HV'.D.C. Transmission: General considerations, Power Handling CapabiJities of HVDC Lines,
Basic Conversion principles, static converter configuration.
Unit II
Static Power Converters: 3-pulse, 6-pu!se and 12-pulse converters, converter station and Terminal equipment, commutation process, Rectifier and inverter operation, equivalent circuit for converter -special features of converter transformers.
Unit III
Harmonics in HVDC Systems, Harmonic elimination, AC and DC filters.
Unit IV
Control of HVDC Converters and systems: constant current, constant extinction angle and constani Ignition angle control- Individual phase control and equidistant firing angle control, DC power flow control.
1!nrt V
Interaction between MV AC and DC systems - Voltage interaction, Harmonic instability problems and DC power modulation.
Unit VI
Multi-terminal DC links and systems; series, paral lei and series parallel systems, their operation and control.
Unit VII
Transient over voltages in HVDC systems: Over voltages due to disturbances on DC side, ovsr voltages due to DC and AC side line faults
Unit VIII
Converter faults and protection in HVDC Systems: Converter faults, over current protection - valve group, and DC Jine protection. Over voltage protection of converters, surge arresters.
Reference Books:
1. E.W. Kimbark : Direct current Transmission, Wiely Inter Science             New York.
J.AriMaga : H/V.D.C.Transmission Peter Peregrinus ltd., London UK 1983
2.K_.R.Padiyar: High Voltage Direct current Transmission, Wiely Eastern Ltd,, New Delhi - 1992.
3.E.Uhlman : Power Transmission by Direct Current, Springer Verlag, Berlin Helberg -1985

OPERATIONS RESEARCH
(Elective – I)
Unit 1:
Linear Programming Problem: Formulation – Graphical method - Simplex method – Artificial variable techniques – Big-M tune –phase methods.

Unit 2:
Duality theorem – Dual simplex method – Sensitivity analysis - effect of changes in cost coefficients, Constraint constants, Addition/Deletion of variables and constraints

Unit 3:
Transportation problem – formulation – Initial basic feasible solution methods – Northwest, Least cost and Vogels methods, MODI optimization - Unbalanced and degeneracy treatment

Unit 4:
Assignment problem – Formulation – Hungarian method – Variants of assignment problems, Sequencing problems – Flow shop sequencing – n jobs2 machines sequencing - n jobs3 machines sequencing – Job-shop sequencing – 2 jobsm machines sequencing – Graphical methods

Unit 5:
Game Theory - Introduction - Terminology – Saddle point games - with out Saddle point games - 22 games, analytical method - 2n and m2 games – graphical method – dominance principle

Unit 6:
Dynamic programming – Bellman’s principle of optimality – short route – capital investment – inventory allocation

Unit 7:
Non linear optimization – Single variable optimization problem – Unimodal function - Elimination methods – Fibinocci and Golden reaction methods – Interpolation methods - Quadratic and cubic interpotation method.
Multi variable optimization problem – Direct research methods – Univariant method – Pattern search methods – Powell’s , Hook-Jeaves and Rosen-brock’s search method.

Unit 8:
Geometric programming – Polynomial – Arithmetic – Seametric inequality – Unconstrained G.P – Constraint G.P with type constraint.
Simulation: Definition – Types- steps- Simulation of simple electrical systems – Advantages and Disadvantages

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Optimization theory and Applications – S.S.Rao, New Age Internationals
2. Operations Research - S.D.Sharma, Galgotia publishers
3. Operations Research – Kausur and Kumar, Spinger Publishers
REFERENCES:
1. Optimization techniques: Theory and Practice – M.C.Joshi and K.M. More Ugalya, Narosa Publications
2. Optimization : Theory and Practice – Beweridze, Mc Graw Hill
3. Simulation Modelling and Analysis – Law and Kelton –TMH
4. Optimization Concepts and Applications in Engineering- A.D. Belegundu, J.R. Chandrupata, Pearson Education, Asia





PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
(Elective – IIV)

Unit 1:
PLC Basics: PLC system, I/O modules and interfacing, CPU processor, programming equipment, programming formats, construction of PLC ladder diagrams, devices connected to I/O modules.

Unit 2:
PLC Programming: Input instructions, outputs, operational procedures, programming
examples using contacts and coils. Drill press operation.

Unit 3:
Digital logic gates, programming in the Boolean algebra system, conversion examples. Ladder diagrams for process control: Ladder diagrams and sequence listings, ladder diagram construction and flow chart for spray process system.

Unit 4:
PLC Registers: Characteristics of Registers, module addressing, holding registers, input registers, output registers.

Unit 5:
PLC Functions: Timer functions and Industrial applications, counters, counter function industrial applications, Arithmetic functions, Number comparison functions, number conversion functions.

Unit 6:
Data Handling functions: SKIP, Master control Relay, Jump, Move, FIFO, FAL, ONS, CLR and Sweep functions and their applications.

Unit 7:
Bit Pattern and changing a bit shift register, sequence functions and applications, controlling of two axis and three axis Robots with PLC, Matrix functions.

Unit 8:
Analog PLC operation: Analog modules and systems, Analog signal processing, multi bit data processing, analog output application examples, PID principles, position indicator with PID control, PID modules, PID tuning, PID functions.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1.   Programmable Logic Controllers – Principle and Applications by John W. Webb and Ronald A. Reiss, Fifth Edition, PHI
2.   Programmable Logic Controllers – Programming Method and Applications by JR. Hackworth and F.D Hackworth Jr. – Pearson, 2004.

ENERGY CONSERVATION SYSTEMS
(Elective – II)

1. Photo voltaic power generation ,spectral distribution of energy in solar radiation, solar cell configurations, voltage developed by solar cell, photo current and load current, practical solar cell performance, commercial photo voltaic systems, test specifications for pv systems, applications of super conducting materials in electrical equipment systems.

2. Principles of MHD power generation, ideal MHD generator performance, practical MHD generator, MHD technology.

3. Wind Energy conversion: Power from wind, properties of air and wind, types of wind Turbines, operating characteristics. Tides and tidal power stations, Modes of operation , tidal project examples, turbines and generators for Tidal power generation. Wave energy conversion: properties of waves and Power content, vertex motion of Waves, device applications. Types of Ocean thermal energy conversion systems Application of OTEC systems Examples, micro hydel developments.

4. Miscellaneous energy conversion systems: coal gasification and liquefaction, biomass conversion, geothermal energy, thermo electric energy conversion, fuel cells and batteries, principles of EMF generation, description of fuel cells, description of batteries, battery application for large powers.

5. Co-generation and energy storage, combined cycle co-generation, energy storage. Global energy position and environmental effects: energy units, global energy position.. Environmental effects of energy conversion systems, pollution from coal and preventive measures steam stations and pollution, pollution free energy systems.

TEXT BOOK
“Energy conversion systems” by Rakosh das Begamudre, New age international publishers, New Delhi - 2000.


POWER CONVERTERS LAB

1. Speed Measurement and closed loop control using PMDC motor

2. Thyristorised drive for PMDC Motor with speed measurement and closed loop
control.

3. IGBT used single 4 quadrant chopper drive for PMDC motor with speed
measurement and closed loop control.

4. Thyristorised drive for 1Hp DC motor with closed loop control.

5. 3 Phase input, thyristorised drive, 3 Hp DC motor with closed loop

6. 3 Phase input IGBT, 4 quadrant chopper drive for DC motor with closed loop
control equipment.

7. Cycloconverter based AC Induction motor control equipment.

8. Speed control of 3 phase wound rotor Induction motor.

9. Single phase fully controlled converter with inductive load

10. Single phase half wave controlled converter with inductive load.

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